The structure is made of caliche, and has managed to survive the extreme weather conditions for about seven centuries. "Casa Grande" is Spanish for "big house" ( SiwaƱ Wa'a Ki: in O'odham) these names refer to the largest structure on the site, which is what remains of a four-story structure that may have been abandoned by 1450. "Archeologists have discovered evidence that the ancient Sonoran Desert people who built the Casa Grande also developed wide-scale irrigation farming and extensive trade connections which lasted over a thousand years until about 1450 CE. The national monument consists of the ruins of multiple structures surrounded by a compound wall constructed by the ancient people of the Hohokam period, who farmed the Gila Valley in the early 13th century.
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